Kidney cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in people. It begins with abnormal growth of cells in the kidney tissue, gradually developing into a tumor. Kidney cancer usually does not show any signs in the early stages. Its symptoms usually start to show when the tumor keeps growing. Learning about some common signs, causes, and treatment options for kidney cancer can help one understand the condition and seek prompt medical attention when needed.

Signs and symptoms

Blood in urine
One of the most common signs of kidney cancer is the presence of blood in urine, which is also called hematuria. If one notices their urine is pink, brown, or red in color, it could indicate the presence of blood. In some cases, urine may appear clear, but the urinalysis report may show the presence of blood in it.

Pain in the lower back
Experiencing persistent and severe pain in the lower back can also be an indication of kidney cancer. In most cases, individuals do not experience this symptom until the cancer is in its advanced stage.

Feeling a lump in the abdomen
If one feels a lump or a mass in their abdomen, the side of their waist, or their lower back, it could be a sign of kidney cancer.

Fatigue
Persistent and severe fatigue, which impacts one’s daily life and activities, can also be a sign of kidney cancer.

Loss of appetite
Due to kidney cancer, one may also experience a loss of appetite. This mostly happens because the kidney tumor interferes with digestive function or hormone production.

Apart from these signs, unexplained fever and anemia can also indicate kidney cancer. But, it is important to note that these signs do not necessarily indicate kidney cancer and could be due to other medical conditions as well.

Causes
While kidney cancer does not have any known causes, there are certain risk factors that can increase the chances of developing the condition.

Hypertension
Hypertension or high blood pressure can increase the risk of kidney cancer.

Long-term dialysis
Individuals who have been on dialysis for a long time due to kidney failure are at a risk of developing kidney cancer.

Family history
If an individual has close family members who have been diagnosed with kidney cancer, they can also be at risk of developing the disease.

Treatment options
There are several treatment options for kidney cancer, which are prescribed based on factors such as the stage of the cancer, the patient’s age, and their overall health.

Surgery
Surgery is the most common treatment approach for kidney cancer. Doctors generally recommend any of the two types of surgeries depending on one’s condition . These include partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy. The former involves the removal of the tumor from the kidney, and the latter includes the removal of the entire affected kidney.

Ablation
This kidney cancer treatment includes either freezing the cancer cells (cryoablation) or destroying them with heat (radiofrequency ablation).

Some other treatment procedures for kidney cancer include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.