Lupus is an autoimmune condition that can cause significant damage to multiple parts of the body, including the skin, blood, joints, kidneys, brain, heart, and lungs. The condition can be of four types, the most common being systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which affects the entire body. Others include cutaneous lupus erythematosus, which primarily affects the skin; neonatal lupus, which affects electrical impulses; and a type of lupus triggered by certain treatment options.

Symptoms of lupus
Lupus can cause many symptoms in varying combinations or intensities. That being said, some symptoms are common, such as joint, muscle, and chest pain, headaches, rashes, fever, hair loss, and fatigue. Additionally, mouth sores, shortness of breath, swollen glands, swelling in the arms, legs, or face, confusion, and blood clots are other common symptoms.

Lupus can also cause other complications, such as photosensitivity, dry eyes, seizures, anemia, Raynaud’s syndrome, osteoporosis, heart disease, and kidney disease.

Lupus treatment
Treatment for lupus aims to manage symptoms and reduce the damage to organs and tissues in the body. The choice of treatment plan depends on the severity of the symptoms.

– Immunosuppressants
In cases of moderate to severe lupus, doctors might recommend immunosuppressants. These options reduce immune activity, mainly that of IFN-1 (type 1 interferon). They also decrease the risk of flares and offer relief from lupus symptoms. They are commonly used in conjunction with other lupus treatment options for individuals between the ages of 18 and 69.

– Biologics
This option can help reduce lupus symptoms, as they work by mimicking natural proteins that target immune system parts responsible for causing inflammation. A few side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and infections.

– Antimalarial treatment
In certain cases, antimalarial treatment is prescribed to individuals with lupus to help control the body’s immune system and decrease the risk of flares. Dosage for these treatments needs to be monitored carefully, as incorrect dosage can lead to side effects like stomach upsets and damage to the retina in the eye.